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| 1788 |
| | | After a journey of eight months from England the First Fleet reaches Australia, anchoring in Botany Bay | |
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| 1788 |
| | | Arthur Phillip, selecting a suitable coastal site for the first penal colony in Australia, names the place Sydney Cove | |
|  | Map of Australia showing the distribution of convicts, c.1820
National Archives, Kew
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| 1789 |
| | | Alexander Mackenzie explores by canoe from central Canada through the Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean | |
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| 1790 |
| | | A second fleet arrives in Sydney, bringing more convicts and a regiment, the New South Wales Corps, to keep order | |
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| 1791 |
| | | Naval officer George Vancouver sails from Britain on the voyage which will bring him to the northwest coast of America | |
|  | Whalebone club brought back by Vancouver
Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter
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| 1792 |
| | | Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific coast of Canada, becoming the first known person to cross the north American continent | |
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| 1795 |
| | | Mungo Park sets off on his first expedition to explore the Niger on behalf of the African Association | |
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| 1795 |
| | | With the Dutch entering the war on the side of the French, Britain seizes their valuable Cape colony in South Africa | |
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| 1798 |
| | | British explorer George Bass sails round Tasmania in an open whaleboat, discovering the strait which now bears his name | |
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| 1798 |
| | | The British acquire a foothold in the Persian Gulf by making Oman a protectorate | |
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